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Czech Military Review

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Crowdsourcing as an Element of Strategic-Operational Intelligence. How NATO Used it and Changed the Game

Reviewed - Review

Karel Pešek, Jozef Vojtek, Libor Kutěj

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 84-104 | DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.33.2024.01.084-104

The article focuses on the concept of crowdsourcing in the social networking environment as a new phenomenon involving civilians in the intelligence process, enabling the use of their intelligence potential during armed conflict. Crowdsourcing of the civilian population is introduced by the example of NATO intervention during the first civil war in Libya. The article presents its use during the intelligence process at the strategic-operational level of command and control of the armed forces. It establishes its possible definition as a collection method of the intelligence process, and as a collection method which is disjunctively separable from similar intelligence collection methods.

Deepfake as an Advanced Manipulative Technique for Spreading Propaganda

Reviewed - Review

Martin Havlík

Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2023, Vol. XXXII. (LXIV.): 3-16 | DOI: 10.3849/2336-2995.32.2023.01.003-017

The article describes the basic foundations and significance of the manipulative technique called Deepfake, which in the environment of technological and informational expansion is also becoming a widely used tool for spreading propaganda. This advanced manipulation complements a wider spectrum of forms of disinformation and is increasingly being used as a means of conducting information operations, often as part of wider hybrid warfare. Effectively combating this kind of manipulation places high demands on consumers of information, both on the part of the detection tools used and on the part of the cognitive human approach based on critical thinking. The expansion and sophistication of similar manipulative techniques will continue, in connection with the development of modern technologies and the interconnectedness of the information environment. Although the Deepfake technique is not only associated with security-military aspects, its influence on information operations and hybrid warfare cannot be neglected.