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The open-access, double-blind peer-reviewed theoretical journal of the Czech Ministry of Defence Vojenské rozhledy is the oldest and most prestigious Czech military journal (founded in 1920). Since mid-2013 it has been issued by the University of Defence (issuing institution), the state military university with a long tradition of scientific research in the field of defence and security. The journal brings the latest findings, in security, military science, theory and methodology. It is a platform which provides a forum for the presentation of the author's views within the broad international security community and the Armed Forces. It is designed mainly for practice, education and training in the field of security and defence.
Publishing in the journal is free of charge for authors. The original papers in Czech, Slovak or English languages are accepted for publication. Subsequently, they pass through double-blind peer-review process.
Vojenské rozhledy is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author, in condition of strict observance of the Creative Commons CC BY. terms to comply with copyright and licensing rights.
Czech Military Review - Latest articles
Results 1 to 19 of 19:
Does Mandatory Military Service Impede Male Representatives from Pursuing Higher Education in Post-Soviet Armenia?Reviewed - Research
Gevorg Grigoryan, Ning Huichun, Jingjing Shi, Ani Margaryan
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2025, Vol. XXXIV. (LXVI.): 223-238
The enforcement of mandatory military reforms in 2016 and 2018 has significantly affected the overall layout of higher education (HE) in Armenia， creating a number of challenges for different stakeholders. The current research paper makes an attempt to examine the main perceptions of teachers, students, educators, etc., of the enforcement of mandatory military service reforms on the HE system in post-Soviet Armenia. The data of the following study was obtained from four different state universities located in the Republic of Armenia. The outcomes of the research demonstrate that different stakeholders hold controversial opinions in terms...
Loitering Munition: Impact, Response and Approach to its Integration into Smaller Armed ForcesReviewed - Research
Jaroslav Galba, Markéta Licková, Vlastimil Vašíček, Vladimír Vyklický
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2025, Vol. XXXIV. (LXVI.): 201-222
The article analyzes loitering munition as a distinct category separate from traditional UAVs and examines its role in recent armed conflicts. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative analysis, it finds that these systems have become a persistent feature of modern warfare, which is also reflected in the rapid expansion of acquisition efforts within NATO countries after years of stagnation. Building on these findings, the article introduces four functional criteria defining loitering munition and provides a targeted DOTMLPFI mapping that outlines the key requirements and indicative metrics needed to achieve full operational capability. The study...
Possibilities of Using Ground Robotic Systems as an Element of Protection of Static Military ObjectsReviewed - Research
Jan Nohel, Daniel Srb, Jan Hrdinka, Michal Hrnčiar
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2025, Vol. XXXIV. (LXVI.): 179-200
The article deals with the possibilities of protecting the outer perimeter of static military facilities using ground-based unmanned systems that can complement the already existing protective elements. The conclusions reached and theoretical assumptions were experimentally verified in the field during the protection of a small base, using UGS Taros Furbo and Tactical Decision Support System calculations. The protection routes calculated by the system were then practically implemented by dismounted patrols and autonomous UGS Taros Furbo, focusing on terrain traversability and time of overcoming. The main objective of the paper is to present to...
Comparative Analysis of NATO and U.S. Approaches to Multi-Domain OperationsReviewed - Research
Zdeněk Petráš
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2025, Vol. XXXIV. (LXVI.): 3-17
The article is a thematic sequel of a previous work addressing the concept of Multi-Domain Operations (MDO) in the context of modern warfare. It highlights the differences in the conceptual approaches to MDO as applied by the U.S. Armed Forces and NATO in response to current security challenges. The study outlines the shift by NATO and the U.S. from traditional joint operations to integrated strategies within respective operational domains. Based on a literature review and content analysis of doctrinal documents, it identifies a fundamental difference in the conceptual approaches of NATO and the U.S. to MDO. While the U.S. approach emphasizes...
Building Meteorological Backup Artillery Products: Leveraging Upper Air DataReviewed
David Sládek, Michal Šustr, Jan Ivan, František Hudec
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2025, Vol. XXXIV. (LXVI.): 136-158
Accurate meteorological data is crucial for precise artillery fire, yet its availability can be compromised in combat conditions. This study investigates the impact of limited meteorological information on artillery accuracy and explores potential mitigation strategies. By analysing upperair data from a single weather station, we simulated various scenarios of reduced meteorological support. Our findings highlight the significance of meteorological factors on artillery performance and the potential consequences of inadequate data. We developed a foundational framework for offline artillery support products, emphasizing the need for robust methods to...
Challenges of the Tactical Leader in the Context of Multinational Military Operations ProcessReviewed
Robert-Marian Alixandrescu
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2025, Vol. XXXIV. (LXVI.): 104-119
This study explores the main challenges faced by leaders within the multinational military operations process. Based on the aspects addressed in the literature review, the questionnaire survey method will be applied to a representative sample of military personnel who had participated in various multinational activities, as tactical leaders. The findings reveal that the most significant challenges perceived by leaders include linguistic barriers, command and control (C2) issues, and differences in training, endowment, and doctrine, with planning identified as the most challenging operational phase. Statistical analysis further indicates that experienced...
Perspectives of Clausewitz’s Center of GravityReviewed
Ján Spišák
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2025, Vol. XXXIV. (LXVI.): 70-84
The center of gravity in military affairs represents a dominant element of military art, used in the planning and conduct of military operations. The doctrine defines it as the main source of power that provides the actor with his strength, freedom of action and/or the will to fight. This article examines Clausewitz’s concept of center of gravity through selected philosophical perspectives and clarifies its significance in military theory and practice. It presents the doctrinal development of the concept, discusses its context, and concludes that the concept of the center of gravity remains a key doctrinal and practical element of operational art.
Military or Militancy: How to Navigate Media Objectivity in Reporting on National SecurityReviewed
Sidra Agha
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2025, Vol. XXXIV. (LXVI.): 37-54
This study aimed to explore the media’s perception of the military and militant activities, focusing on journalists’ professional conduct and their commitment to the national cause. In-depth interviews were conducted with Pakistani journalists reporting from conflict zones. The findings suggest that Pakistan is engaged in a war on terror and that the media plays a key role in glorifying the security forces in their fight against militants who challenge the authority of the state. Journalists expressed the view that the government and military should take realistic measures to combat this threat. While journalists described militants...
Social Media as a Tool for Profiling Potential Intelligence Service Sources. How are the Military Students Doing?Reviewed
Libor Kutěj
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2025, Vol. XXXIV. (LXVI.): 24-36
The article addresses the use of social media intelligence (SOCMINT) as a tool for recruiting and selecting souces by foreign intelligence services, with an emphasis on the risks it poses to students in military studies at national military universitiy. It analyzes the specific ways in which SOCMINT enables foreign intelligence agencies to effectively gather personal data and profile potential collaborators from both public and private information shared online. Research conducted among students of the University of Defense and other institutions revealed that military students share comparable types of information on social networks as their...
Resistance Operating Concept as a Tool for Increasing the Resilience of the StateReviewed
Radek Dubec, Eva Nezvalová, Markéta Licková
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 4/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 3-19
The article describes the issue of implementing the Resistance Operating Concept as part of a comprehensive approach to ensuring the defense of the state and its resilience. The basic conditions necessary for the introduction of that instrument are sought, and a comparative analysis of selected European countries that started to build a resistance movement is carried out. The article further describes the strategic definition of the resistance movement in the conditions of the Czech Republic, the legislative definition of the resistance movement and its anchoring in the framework of mental law, and the connection of the resistance movement to individual...
Liability for Health Damage - Public vs Private AreaReviewed - Review
Ondřej Horák, Leopold Skoruša, Radim Vičar, Tomáš Zbořil
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 110-128
The article deals with the comparison of refunds of non-material damage in public and private area. In the public area is analyzed legal regulation on health injuries in service relations, in private area is discussed legal regulation on health injuries in civil law and labour law. Particular attention will be focused on the transfer of compensation in the event of injury to the heirs - while in service relationships, such claims are extinguished by death (not transferred on the heirs), which was taken over from the 1960s legislation, in current private law, do not cease if they have been recognized or at least brought in court. The aim of the paper...
Leadership as a Fundamental Factor for Human Societies Progress - a Historical Review of the Leadership TheoriesReviewed - Research
Elitsa Petrova
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 3/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 76-90
The article attempts to make a historical review of leadership theories and, on this basis, to derive their approximate systematization. The article emphasizes the importance of the phenomenon of leadership as a major factor in the management of human resources and security in human societies. The exposition goes through the various leadership theories that have existed to date. The research methodology includes etymological analysis, historical analysis, content analysis, the methods of induction and deduction, reveals logical connections and dependencies between related and similar concepts and phenomena.
Military Will in the Czech Civil CodeReviewed - Review
Pavel Salák
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 116-129
The text is dedicated to the analysis of the legal regulation of military wills in the new Civil Code (Law No. 89/2012 Coll.). It places it in a historical legal context. However, priority attention is paid to a detailed analysis of the current legal regulation and potential issues that this regulation brings. It also briefly mentions other options for last dispositions that a soldier could use. The legal regulation of military wills in the Civil Code can be characterized as very well conceived, reflecting the reality of foreign missions. The fact that it takes the form of a public document is also significant if the relevant requirements are met....
Threats and Hazards of Grey Rhino ParadigmReviewed - Research
Olga Burianová, Jiří F. Urbánek
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 85-96
Grey Rhino is a metaphor for security threat, which is unkept irrational for large extent also high probability of harmful effect on a subject of risk owner. Business continuity management system is assessed in a diagram as controlling instrument aimed at operational hazard mitigation of continuity disturbance of affected subject. A ´from Operations´ Value Added - O´VA is established as qualitative dynamic information about productivity of activities. The measures are designed in crisis scenario for quality improvement of subject´s crisis readiness. An indicator of business risk continuity slip is defined. In a connection with war conflict on Ukraine...
Foreign Fighters and Their Place in LawReviewed - Review
Ludvík Barabáš
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 77-84
States should avoid arbitrability in decision-making processes concerning foreign fighters by amending their current legislature including criminal prosecution of foreign fighters. Authorization regime similar to the one in Poland may offer higher guarantees, control and monitoring of medium to high-threat individuals whilst offering states direct targeting of prevention and mitigation policies. States should create a transparent and clear framework for evaluation of applications to travel abroad for the purpose of fighting with lawfully set discretion for state organs that will enable them to deny applications for political, social or even economic reasons.
Development of a Methodology for Improving Urban Operations CapabilitiesReviewed - Research
Peter Hofer
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 2/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 56-76
Most experts believe that urban operations will gain importance in the future, but even though we have sufficient examples and experience at hand, we still struggle with the development of the necessary skills and capabilities. The resulting gaps are a combination of different tasking and shrinking resources in the past decades, the difficulty of training for and a mere misunderstanding of the urban environment and harmful innovations - we seem to find ourselves always in the beginning. Fighting in isolated "prisms of responsibility" requires flexible task forces with all necessary enablers at hand and well-trained commanders exercising mission command...
Crowdsourcing as an Element of Strategic-Operational Intelligence. How NATO Used it and Changed the GameReviewed - Review
Karel Pešek, Jozef Vojtek, Libor Kutěj
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 84-104
The article focuses on the concept of crowdsourcing in the social networking environment as a new phenomenon involving civilians in the intelligence process, enabling the use of their intelligence potential during armed conflict. Crowdsourcing of the civilian population is introduced by the example of NATO intervention during the first civil war in Libya. The article presents its use during the intelligence process at the strategic-operational level of command and control of the armed forces. It establishes its possible definition as a collection method of the intelligence process, and as a collection method which is disjunctively separable from similar...
Cognitive Warfare as a New Dimension of Security. A Fictional Concept or a Real Silent Threat?Reviewed - Review
Kristýna Drmotová, Libor Kutěj
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 63-83
Cognitive warfare is a new phenomenon that differs from any forms of action previously used in the information space aiming to affect the thinking of target groups. The main difference consists in the targeted and sophisticated use of scientific knowledge from neuroscience, with special attention on consciousness and perception of reality. This deeper understanding of how the human mind works has impacted distributed narratives and the choice of the most suitable technological platforms for their distribution to the target audience. This article presents a conceptual classification of cognitive warfare and defines its three core segments: neuroscience,...
Development of the Czech Armed Forces Doctrinal FrameworkReviewed - Research
Pavel Žižka, Richard Saibert
Vojenské rozhledy / Czech Military Review Nr. 1/2024, Vol. XXXIII. (LXV.): 3-20
The article deals with the system of joint doctrine development in the Czech Armed Forces (CAF) focused on the operational level of command and control, including the implementation of the NATO doctrines into national conditions. Among others, it was found that the structure and content of the Czech doctrines are not systematically set. Allied doctrines are introduced either by rewriting them into the Czech version or by introducing them in the full English version. In both cases, it might cause inconsistency in military terminology. The Coordinating Committee as the only supervisory body does not have the authority to streamline the process of producing...